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'''Oil processing''' is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.


Oil processing is a large part of Factorio. It was introduced in v0.9. Oil processing may refer to [[Oil processing (research)|the researched technology]], the recipe used in the [[oil refinery]], or the overall workings of oil.
== Overview ==
There are various recipes that can be used to process [[crude oil]] into its fractions. Its fraction ([[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.


The values shown here are accurate for version 0.15. In 0.14, anything that produces, consumes, or stores any fluid does so at 1/10th of the quantities listed here. Solid items and ratios are unaffected; this is essentially just a cosmetic change of the displayed units.
{|class="wikitable"
 
== Beginner ==
=== Tutorial ===
* [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=7975 Oil Tutorial], http://youtu.be/uL1eLmOSftw
 
=== Technologies ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Technology !! Description
|-
| {{icontech|oil-gathering||Oil processing (research)}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || Allows the player to set up a basic facility to mine, process, and use oil.
|-
| {{icontech|sulfur||Sulfur processing}} [[Sulfur processing]] ||  A prerequisite for the research of the [[Battery]], which is used in a handful items later on, including the [[Science pack 3]].
|-
|-
| {{icontech|plastics||Plastics}} [[Plastics]] || The [[Plastic bar]] is an ingredient in the [[Advanced circuit]], which is used often later on.
! Process !! Input !! Output !! Machine !! Required technology !! Internal name
|-
|-
| {{icontech|fluid-handling||Fluid handling}} [[Fluid handling]] || Allows better control over your liquids, with the [[Storage Tank]] and [[Small Pump]].
| {{Icon|Basic oil processing||}} Basic oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|45}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Oil processing (research)|}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]] || basic-oil-processing
|-
|-
| {{icontech|advanced-oil-processing-tech||Advanced oil processing (research)}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || Gives you a new recipe for use in the [[Oil refinery]], allowing you to get more useful products from your [[Crude Oil]].
| {{Icon|Advanced oil processing||}} Advanced oil processing || {{icon|time|5}} + {{Icon|Crude oil|100}} + {{icon|water|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{Icon|Light oil|45}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|55}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || advanced-oil-processing
|-
|-
| {{icontech|coal liquefaction (research)||Coal liquefaction (research)}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || Gives you a refinery recipe to turn excess coal into oil products. Introduced in version 0.15.0.
| {{Icon|Heavy oil cracking||}} Heavy oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|40}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Light oil|30}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || heavy-oil-cracking
|-
|-
| {{icontech|flammables||Flammables}} [[Flammables]] <br />{{icontech|flame-thrower||Flame thrower}} [[Flame thrower]] || Gives you access to the [[Flamethrower]] and [[Flamethrower ammo]]
| {{Icon|Light oil cracking||}} Light oil cracking || {{icon|time|2}} + {{Icon|Light oil|30}} + {{icon|water|30}} || {{Icon|Petroleum gas|20}} || {{Icon|Chemical plant}} || {{icontech|Advanced oil processing (research)|}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]] || light-oil-cracking
|-
|-
| {{Icon|Coal liquefaction||}} Coal liquefaction || {{icon|time|5}} + {{icon|coal|10}} + {{Icon|Heavy oil|25}} + {{icon|steam|50}} || {{Icon|Heavy oil|90}} + {{Icon|Light oil|20}} + {{Icon|Petroleum gas|10}} || {{Icon|Oil refinery}} || {{icontech|coal liquefaction|}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]] || coal-liquefaction
|}
|}


==Recipes==
== Setting up oil processing ==
There are various recipes that can be done regarding [[Oil processing]]. They are listed below.
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.
{|class="wikitable"
 
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|oil-gathering||Oil processing (research)}} [[Oil processing (research)|Oil processing]]:
Crude oil must be refined in an [[oil refinery]]. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated.
|-
 
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: [[heavy oil]], [[light oil]] and [[petroleum gas]]. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a [[storage tank]]. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).
|-
 
| {{imagelink|basic-oil-processing|Basic oil processing}} || {{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude Oil}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|30|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|30|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|40|Petroleum gas}}
=== Tips ===
|-
* The [[circuit network]] can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the [[Tutorial:Circuit network cookbook#Oil_Setups|circuit-network cookbook]].
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-heavy-oil|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|20|Heavy oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
* If you run your heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a lubricant-making chemical plant before sending it to the cracking chemical plants, you can be sure that the lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
|-
* [[Solid fuel]] is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-light-oil|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|light-oil|10|Light oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
 
|-
=== Coal Liquefaction ===
| {{imagelink|solid-fuel-from-petroleum-gas|Solid fuel}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|solid-fuel|1|Solid fuel}}
Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an [[assembling machine]] and [[barrel]]s to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.
|-
 
| {{imagelink|lubricant|Lubricant}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|10|Heavy oil}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|lubricant|10|Lubricant}}
While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:
|-
 
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|advanced-oil-processing-tech||Advanced oil processing (research)}} [[Advanced oil processing (research)|Advanced oil processing]]:
* A refueling outpost that produces [[solid fuel]] and/or [[rocket fuel]].
* A defensive outpost that uses oil to fuel [[flamethrower turret]]s.
* With a supply of [[iron ore]], this set-up can produce [[sulfuric acid]], allowing the mining of [[uranium ore]].
* A supply of iron ore also allows the manufacture of ammunition: [[cluster grenade]]s, [[land mine]]s, and [[cannon shell]]s.
* With a supply of both iron ore and [[copper ore]], [[rocket]]s and [[artillery shell]]s can be manufactured, as well as all [[capsules]].
 
More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.
 
=== Transporting fluids ===
There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:
 
* [[Pipe]]s
* [[Fluid wagon]]s
* Loading the fluids into [[Barrel]]s and transporting them by [[Railway]], [[Transport belts]], or the [[Logistic network]]
 
== Optimal Ratios ==
The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.
 
=== Petroleum gas production ===
 
For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.
 
One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).
 
The refining can be sped up with [[module]]s; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using [[productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).
 
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="5" |Petroleum production output with modules
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
!colspan="1" style="width: 230px; text-align: left;" |Module configuration
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |None
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 1 (*)
!colspan="1" style="width: 75px;" |Config 2
!colspan="1" |Units
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|advanced-oil-processing|Advanced oil processing}} || {{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude Oil}} {{icon|water|50|Water}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|10|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|45|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|55|Petroleum gas}}
!colspan="5"|Oil refinery
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|heavy-oil-cracking|Heavy oil cracking}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|40|Heavy oil}} {{icon|water|30|Water}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|light-oil|30|Light oil}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Crude oil consumption
| 100 || 100 || 100 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|light-oil-cracking|Light oil cracking}} || {{icon|light-oil|30|Light oil}} {{icon|water|30|Water}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum gas}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 50 || 50 || 50 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|fluid-handling||Fluid handling}} [[Fluid handling]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 5 || 5 || 5 || s / final item
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil output
| 25 || 25 || 25 ||
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|fill-crude-oil-barrel|Fill crude oil barrel}} || {{icon|barrel-empty|1|Empty barrel}} {{icon|crude-oil|250|Crude Oil}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|crude-oil-barrel|1|Crude oil barrel}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 45 || 45 || 45 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|empty-crude-oil-barrel|Empty crude oil barrel}} || {{icon|crude-oil-barrel|1|Crude oil barrel}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|barrel-empty|1|Empty barrel}} {{icon|crude-oil|250|Crude Oil}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 55 || 55 || 55 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|sulfur||Sulfur processing}} [[Sulfur processing]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 855% ||
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|sulfur|Sulfur}} || {{icon|water|30|Water}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|30|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|sulfur|2|Sulfur}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|sulfuric-acid|Sulfuric Acid}} || {{icon|iron-plate|1|Iron plate}} {{icon|sulfur|5|Sulfur}} {{icon|water|100|Water}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|sulfuric-acid|50|Sulfuric Acid}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Crude oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 171 || per second
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|Advanced-electronics-research||Advanced electronics}} [[Advanced electronics]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 10 || 45.5 || 85.5 || per second
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil output
| 5 || 29.575 || 55.575 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|processing-unit|Processing unit}} || {{icon|electronic-circuit|20|Electronic circuit}} {{icon|advanced-circuit|2|Advanced circuit}} {{icon|sulfuric-acid|5|Sulfuric acid}} {{icon|time icon|15|Time}} || {{icon|assembling-machine-2||Assembling machine 2}} or {{icon|assembling-machine-3||Assembling machine 3}} || {{icon|processing-unit|1|Processing unit}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
| 9 || 53.235 || 100.035 || per second
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|Battery-research||Battery (research)}} [[Battery (research)|Battery]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
| 11 || 65.065 || 122.265 || per second
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
!colspan="5"|Heavy oil cracking
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|battery|Battery}} || {{icon|iron-plate|1|Iron plate}} {{icon|copper-plate|1|Copper plate}} {{icon|sulfuric-acid|20|Sulfuric acid}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|battery|1|Battery}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil consumption
| 40 || 40 || 40 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|plastics||Plastics}} [[Plastics]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|plastic-bar|Plastics}} || {{icon|coal|1|Coal}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|30|Petroleum gas}} {{icon|time icon|1|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|plastic-bar|2|Plastic bar}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil output
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|flammables||Flammables}} [[Flammables]] and {{icontech|flame-thrower||Flame thrower}} [[Flame thrower]]:
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|flame-thrower-ammo|Flamethrower ammo}} || {{icon|iron-plate|5|Iron plate}} {{icon|heavy-oil|25|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|25|Light oil}} {{icon|time icon|3|Time}} || {{icon|chemical-plant||Chemical plant}} || {{icon|flame-thrower-ammo|1|Flamethrower ammo}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
!colspan="4"|After researching {{icontech|coal liquefaction||}} [[Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction]], added in 0.15.0:
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Heavy oil consumption
| 20 || 91 || 131 || per second
|-
|-
! Process !! Input !! Machine !! Output
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|coal liquefaction|Coal liquefaction (research)|Coal liquefaction}} || {{icon|coal|10|Coal}} {{icon|heavy-oil|25|Heavy oil}} {{icon|steam|50|Steam}} {{icon|time icon|5|Time}} || {{icon|oil-refinery||Oil refinery}} || {{icon|heavy-oil|35|Heavy oil}} {{icon|light-oil|15|Light oil}} {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum gas}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil output
|}
| 15 || 88.725 || 127.725 || per second
 
==Mechanics & Usage==
To extract, process and use oil and its connected products, research, as shown above, is needed.
 
===Overview===
[[File:Example-Oil-Refining.png|thumb|256px|Crude oil being drilled and refined.]] [[File:Example-Oil-Cracking.png|thumb|256px|Oil being cracked into lower forms.]] [[File:Example-Oil-Usage.png|thumb|256px|Oil being used to create plastic and batteries.]]
[[Pumpjack]]s need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well. Given [[Electric network|electricity]] (90kW, upgradeable), [[Pumpjack]]s will produce a certain amount of [[Crude oil]] per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel. Over time this value will decrease down to a minimum of 0.1 oil/s, providing infinite oil at a very low rate.
 
All liquids can be transported by [[Pipe]]s, only Crude oil can be filled into [[Barrel]]s and moved with the [[Railway network]] or other [[vehicle]]s.
 
The Crude Oil then needs to be refined in an [[Oil refinery]]. The Oil refinery also needs Power provided by an [[Electric network]]. It has a much higher demand, at 420kW, but it is also upgradeable. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set, the inputs and outputs show what needs to be, and what will be supplied. You cannot move the locations of these, only rotate the entire machine. Make sure that the products have somewhere to go (preferably [[Storage Tank|Storage Tanks]]), as the refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full.
 
Now you have the three basic products. [[Heavy Oil]], [[Light Oil]] and [[Petroleum Gas]]. Both Heavy Oil and Light Oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a [[Chemical plant]] (recipe above). This is useful if you've got lots of Light Oil, but are lacking in [[Petroleum Gas]] (A common problem).
 
From here, after some research, you can use the oil products to create various products. They are all listed above.
 
=== Tips ===
* [[Lubricant]]
** If you run your Heavy Oil pipe from the refineries past a Lubricant-making Chemical Plant before sending it to the cracking Chemical Plants, you can be sure that the Lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
** Most games will only ever need one lubricant-producing Chemical Plant and one Storage Tank for the lubricant.
** Since Lubricant is only used for blue belts and electric engines, and the only other use of Heavy Oil is flamethrower ammo (production of which is either best placed in your oil refinery or elided entirely) and cracking into Light Oil (the Heavy Oil to [[Solid fuel]] production ratio is terrible compared to cracking it first), you may want to consider placing your production of robots and belt assembly nearby your oil refineries, so lubricant doesn't need to be sent as far.
 
 
=== Items to handle fluids ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|pumpjack|Pumpjack}} || Pumpjacks mine the Crude Oil from the [[Oil field|oil fields]], and let you move it by Pipe.
!colspan="5"|Light oil cracking
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|oil-refinery|Oil refinery}} || Refines Crude Oil into basic oil products (Heavy/Light Oil and Petroleum Gas).
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil consumption
|-
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
| {{imagelink|chemical-plant|Chemical plant}} || Like the Assembling machine, used to automate processing of liquids and crafting.
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|storage-tank|Storage Tank}} || Stores up to 25000 units of any liquid.
! style="text-align: left;" | Water consumption
| 30 || 30 || 30 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|small-pump|Pump}} || Allows you to pump liquids from one area to another. Used inline (between pipes). Also used to pump fluids into [[fluid wagon]]s.
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed
| 2 || 2 || 2 || s / final item
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|offshore-pump|Offshore pump}} || Allows you to pump water up from a body of water.
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum output
| 20 || 20 || 20 ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|assembling-machine-2|Assembling machine 2}} <br/> {{imagelink|assembling-machine-3|Assembling machine 3}} || Allows you to craft items using liquids, used mainly for Barrels.
! style="text-align: left;" | Base machine crafting speed
| 1 || 1 || 1 || crafts / s
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|pipe|Pipe}} || Allows transporting of liquids from one location to another.
! style="text-align: left;" | Crafting speed multiplier
| 100% || 455% || 655% ||  
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|pipe-to-ground|Pipe to ground}} || A Pipe, but under the ground, acting similar to [[Underground belts]].
! style="text-align: left;" | Output multiplier
| 100% || 130% || 130% || final items
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|boiler|Boiler}} || Transforms [[water]] into [[steam]].
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Light oil consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|steam-engine|Steam engine}} || Destroys any fluid it receives. Can be used as a flare stack, a wasteful way to get rid of unused oil-products.
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Water consumption
| 15 || 68.25 || 98.25 || per second
|-
|-
| {{imagelink|fluid_wagon|Fluid wagon}} || Carries up to 75000 units of liquid by rail, in three tanks of 25000 each.
! style="text-align: left;" | Total Petroleum output
|}
| 10 || 59.15 || 85.15 || per second
 
== Advanced ==
 
=== Optimal ratio to produce petroleum gas ===
The optimal ratio is the ratio of buildings in which they can all work without jamming or having inactive superfluous. For example, when you apply '''1''' Oil Refinery to the optimal Advanced oil processing ratio [5 : 1 : 7], you get ['''1''' : 0.20 : 1.4]. Round that up to get ['''1''' : 1 : 2], which means:
* 1 Oil Refinery on Advanced oil processing
* 1 Chemical plant on Heavy oil cracking
* 2 Chemical plants on Light oil cracking
 
The setup above will not jam, but it will have temporarily inactive buildings. If you round down, it will no longer have inactive buildings, but it will jam (over time).
 
This can be sped up with modules, but to prevent jams or inactive buildings, it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing down (by using [[Productivity module]]s) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since these ratios are only mathematically correct if all the buildings have the same speed, and have 100% productivity (so no added bonuses).
 
Calculating the optimal ratios is relatively challenging, since not all of the durations of the processes are the same (the crafting speed of a chemical plant is 1.25, but the refinery's is 1.0). If this were not taken in account, it will lead to (temporarily) inactive buildings, which is not optimal.
 
==== Basic oil processing ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Ratio !! Building !! Process !! Recipe
|-
|-
 
!colspan="5"|Ratio
| 5 || {{imagelink|oil-refinery|Oil refinery}} || {{imagelink|basic-oil-processing|Basic oil processing}} || {{icon|time icon|5|Time}}{{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude Oil}} → {{icon|heavy-oil|30|Heavy Oil}}{{icon|light-oil|30|Light Oil}}{{icon|petroleum-gas|40|Petroleum Gas}}
|-
|-
| 3 || {{imagelink|chemical-plant|Chemical plant}} || {{imagelink|heavy-oil-cracking|Heavy oil cracking}} || {{icon|time icon|5|Time}}{{icon|water|30|Water}}{{icon|heavy-oil|40|Heavy Oil}} → {{icon|light-oil|30|Light Oil}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Heavy oil cracking
| 0.25 || 0.325 || 0.424 ||  
|-
|-
| 7 || {{imagelink|chemical-plant|Chemical plant}} || {{imagelink|light-oil-cracking|Light oil cracking}} || {{icon|time icon|5|Time}}{{icon|water|30|Water}}{{icon|light-oil|30|Light Oil}} → {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum Gas}}
! style="text-align: left;" | Light oil cracking
| 0.85 || 1.2025 || 1.57 ||  
|-
|-
|}
! style="text-align: left;" | Petroleum gas output
 
| 19.5 || 136.193 || 255.923 || per second
{| class="wikitable"
! Buildings !! Input/s !! Output/s
|-
|-
| {{icon|oil-refinery|5|Oil Refinery}}  {{icon|chemical-plant|10|Chemical plant}} || {{icon|water|75|Water}} {{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude Oil}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|93|Petroleum Gas}}
|colspan="5" style="width: 600px; text-align: left;" | '''* Notes to table:''' ''Config 1'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. ''Config 2'' is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.
 
|}
|}


==== Advanced oil processing ====
For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.
{| class="wikitable"
! Ratio !! Building !! Process !! Recipe
|-


| 5 || {{imagelink|oil-refinery|Oil refinery}} || {{imagelink|advanced-oil-processing|Advanced oil processing}} || {{icon|time icon|5|Time}}{{icon|water|50|Water}}{{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude Oil}} → {{icon|heavy-oil|10|Heavy Oil}}{{icon|light-oil|45|Light Oil}}{{icon|petroleum-gas|55|Petroleum Gas}}
== History ==
|-
{{history|0.17.60|
| 1 || {{imagelink|chemical-plant|Chemical plant}} || {{imagelink|heavy-oil-cracking|Heavy oil cracking}} || {{icon|time icon|5|Time}}{{icon|water|30|Water}}{{icon|heavy-oil|40|Heavy Oil}} → {{icon|light-oil|30|Light Oil}}
* Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.}}
|-
| 7 || {{imagelink|chemical-plant|Chemical plant}} || {{imagelink|light-oil-cracking|Light oil cracking}} || {{icon|time icon|5|Time}}{{icon|water|30|Water}}{{icon|light-oil|30|Light Oil}} → {{icon|petroleum-gas|20|Petroleum Gas}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Buildings !! Input/s !! Output/s
|-
| {{icon|oil-refinery|5|Oil Refinery}}  {{icon|chemical-plant|8|Chemical plant}} || {{icon|water|110|Water}} {{icon|crude-oil|100|Crude Oil}} || {{icon|petroleum-gas|108|Petroleum Gas}}


|}
{{history|0.17.0|
* Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.}}


{{history|0.15.0|
* Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.}}


{{history|0.9.1|
* Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.}}


=== Crude oil transport ===
{{history|0.9.0|
[[File:Pumping_station.jpg|thumb|256px|Autonomus installation for manual pickup of [[Crude oil barrel]]s.]]
* Introduced
Since oil fields practically can deplete, new sources will be demanded. There are many different ways to overcome this problem:
**Basic oil processing
* Pipes/Belts
**Advanced oil processing}}
* Manual pick-up
* Trains
* Robots (Troublesome over long distances)


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Liquids]]
* [[Fluid system]]
* [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=7057 Oil Production: What is more efficient?]
* [[Crude oil]]
* [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=7636 What to do with oil?]
* [[Barrel]]
* [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=7842 Dump valve/Open pipe?]
* [http://www.factorioforums.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=8832 I did the Math on Oil Production]

Latest revision as of 18:06, 13 May 2021

Oil processing is a large part of Factorio. Oil processing may refer to the researched technology, the recipe used in the oil refinery, or the overall workings of oil.

Overview

There are various recipes that can be used to process crude oil into its fractions. Its fraction (heavy oil, light oil and petroleum gas) can also be cracked into each other. Their recipes and technology requirements can be seen below.

Process Input Output Machine Required technology Internal name
Basic oil processing.png
Basic oil processing
Time.png
5
+
Crude oil.png
100
Petroleum gas.png
45
Oil refinery.png
Oil processing (research).png
Oil processing
basic-oil-processing
Advanced oil processing.png
Advanced oil processing
Time.png
5
+
Crude oil.png
100
+
Water.png
50
Heavy oil.png
25
+
Light oil.png
45
+
Petroleum gas.png
55
Oil refinery.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
advanced-oil-processing
Heavy oil cracking.png
Heavy oil cracking
Time.png
2
+
Heavy oil.png
40
+
Water.png
30
Light oil.png
30
Chemical plant.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
heavy-oil-cracking
Light oil cracking.png
Light oil cracking
Time.png
2
+
Light oil.png
30
+
Water.png
30
Petroleum gas.png
20
Chemical plant.png
Advanced oil processing (research).png
Advanced oil processing
light-oil-cracking
Coal liquefaction.png
Coal liquefaction
Time.png
5
+
Coal.png
10
+
Heavy oil.png
25
+
Steam.png
50
Heavy oil.png
90
+
Light oil.png
20
+
Petroleum gas.png
10
Oil refinery.png
Coal liquefaction.png
Coal liquefaction
coal-liquefaction

Setting up oil processing

Pumpjacks need to be placed on top of the middle of the oil well, which is highlighted with a green box when the pumpjack is held. Pumpjacks produce a certain amount of Crude oil per second, shown on the right, at the bottom of the information panel.

Crude oil must be refined in an oil refinery. The oil refinery needs to have a recipe set (see above for available recipes). Once it is set and "alt-mode" is active, the input and output locations and the expected fluids are shown. The locations of these cannot be changed, only the entire machine can be rotated.

Advanced oil processing and coal liquefaction produce multiple fluids: heavy oil, light oil and petroleum gas. The refinery will stop production of all products if one product output is full, so it should be ensured that the products are transported out of the refinery; any products that cannot be used should be (temporarily) stored in a storage tank. Furthermore, both heavy oil and light oil can be cracked to the next lower type in a chemical plant (recipe above). This is useful if the player has an abundance of one product, but is lacking another (a common problem).

Tips

  • The circuit network can be used to easily control how much fluid gets used for each recipe, to ensure that the player always has enough. For examples on how to do this, see the circuit-network cookbook.
  • If you run your heavy oil pipe from the refineries past a lubricant-making chemical plant before sending it to the cracking chemical plants, you can be sure that the lubricant production will have priority over cracking.
  • Solid fuel is most efficient when created from light oil. If the player has too much heavy oil, cracking it to light oil then making it into fuel is more efficient than making heavy oil into fuel directly.

Coal Liquefaction

Once coal liquefaction is researched, the player can manufacture oil products anywhere without a need for crude oil: the player can set up an oil refinery to utilize coal liquefaction and use an assembling machine and barrels to manually insert a small amount of heavy oil into the system to initiate production. As long as the heavy oil output is routed back into the refinery before being sent anywhere else, the refinery will be self-sustaining in terms of heavy oil, only requiring steam and coal to run. To prevent fluid back-up, the player will need to ensure all output fluids are being consumed or stored somehow.

While a single refinery using this set-up this will not produce a large amount of oil products overall, the fact it does not require crude oil to run means it can be placed anywhere the player needs a small, steady supply of oil products, saving the need to transport oil over large distances by pipes or trains. Such uses include:

More broadly, a sufficiently large network of refineries utilizing coal liquefaction could produce enough oil products to run the player's factory without a need for crude oil anymore, allowing much more flexibility in the layout and placement of facilities that require oil products to function. The downside of relying entirely on coal liquefaction are an overall slightly lower output of oil products compared to advanced oil processing, a need for more chemical plants to crack the large amounts of heavy oil produced, and the system will shut down entirely if its supply of coal or steam runs out.

Transporting fluids

There are many ways to move fluids in Factorio, they are listed below:

Optimal Ratios

The optimal ratio is the ratio of production that ensures no waste of time or materials.

Petroleum gas production

For producing petroleum gas, the optimal advanced oil processing ratio is 20:5:17 (advanced oil processing : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 8:2:7 is close enough. Using coal liquefaction, the ratio is 60:39:55 (coal liquefaction : heavy oil cracking : light oil cracking), and 12:8:11 is close enough.

One refinery running basic oil processing produces 9 petroleum gas per second. One refinery running advanced oil processing combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces 19.5 petroleum gas per second in total. One refinery running coal liquefaction combined with one of each oil cracking chemical plant produces close to 11.2 petroleum gas per second in total (taking into consideration the recycling of the heavy oil).

The refining can be sped up with modules; to prevent jams or inactive buildings it is recommended to speed everything up evenly. When slowing the process down (by using productivity modules) you are better off experimenting on altering the ratio or the speed on certain buildings, since the default ratios given above only hold if all the structures involved run at the same speed and have 100% productivity (in other words, no bonuses).

Petroleum production output with modules
Module configuration None Config 1 (*) Config 2 Units
Oil refinery
Crude oil consumption 100 100 100
Water consumption 50 50 50
Crafting speed 5 5 5 s / final item
Heavy oil output 25 25 25
Light oil output 45 45 45
Petroleum output 55 55 55
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 855%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Crude oil consumption 20 91 171 per second
Total Water consumption 10 45.5 85.5 per second
Total Heavy oil output 5 29.575 55.575 per second
Total Light oil output 9 53.235 100.035 per second
Total Petroleum output 11 65.065 122.265 per second
Heavy oil cracking
Heavy oil consumption 40 40 40
Water consumption 30 30 30
Crafting speed 2 2 2 s / final item
Light oil output 30 30 30
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 655%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Heavy oil consumption 20 91 131 per second
Total Water consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Light oil output 15 88.725 127.725 per second
Light oil cracking
Light oil consumption 30 30 30
Water consumption 30 30 30
Crafting speed 2 2 2 s / final item
Petroleum output 20 20 20
Base machine crafting speed 1 1 1 crafts / s
Crafting speed multiplier 100% 455% 655%
Output multiplier 100% 130% 130% final items
Total Light oil consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Water consumption 15 68.25 98.25 per second
Total Petroleum output 10 59.15 85.15 per second
Ratio
Heavy oil cracking 0.25 0.325 0.424
Light oil cracking 0.85 1.2025 1.57
Petroleum gas output 19.5 136.193 255.923 per second
* Notes to table: Config 1 is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and 8 Beacons with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each production building. Config 2 is 3 Productivity modules 3 in each production building and the highest achievable number of Beacons (16 for Refinery, 12 for Chemical plant) with 2 Speed modules 3 each in range of each prod. building.

For config 2 in the above (possibly collapsed) table, a good enough ratio is 7:3:11, and the next ratio that is better is 165:70:259. The optimal ratio involves over 50000 refineries, and so is practically useless. But, for reference, it's 52400:22230:82251.

History

  • 0.17.60:
    • Basic oil processing produces only petroleum gas.
  • 0.17.0:
    • Coal liquefaction now produces 90 heavy oil, 20 light oil and 10 petroleum gas, consuming 25 heavy oil, 10 coal and 50 steam.
  • 0.15.0:
    • Added coal liquefaction oil processing recipe.
  • 0.9.1:
    • Added heavy oil cracking and light oil cracking.
  • 0.9.0:
    • Introduced
      • Basic oil processing
      • Advanced oil processing

See also