Map generator

World generation is, in short, a number of settings which define what the world will look like once generated. This can dramatically alter gameplay- a new player is advised to start with the default settings before deciding to change their world.

How it works

A more technical explanation of world generation mechanics is that the map generator generates most parts of the world with an algorithm named "Perlin Noise". In short, it works a bit like the waves in the sea.

Everything above a defined level defines the existing (or non-existing) features of some type of terrain. The player should also know that the map is not generated at game start. Only the parts they see are generated, everything else is not. The map will be generated gradually as the player explores more terrain. See below for more technical details.

The following image shows an example how the world generator might create a new map.

World generation on default settings with map seed 123456789

Automatic presets

As of version 0.15, a preset may be chosen instead of manually configuring the generation. There are several options. Differences from the "default" preset are in bold parentheses.

Recipes/Tech	Default	Rich Resources	Marathon	Dangerous	Death World	Rail World
Recipe difficulty	Normal	Normal	Expensive	Normal	Expensive	Normal
Technology difficulty	Normal	Normal	Expensive	Normal	Expensive	Normal
Technology price multiplier	1	1	4(+3)	1	4(+3)	1

Enemy Expansion	Default	Rich Resources	Marathon	Dangerous	Death World	Rail World
Enabled	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No(Yes)
Minimum chunks between new bases	3	3	3	3	3	3
Maximum expansion distance	7	7	7	7	7	7
Minimum group size	5	5	5	5	5	5
Maximum group size	20	20	20	20	20	20
Minimum cooldown (Minutes)	4	4	4	4	4	4
Maximum cooldown (Minutes)	60	60	60	60	60	60

Enemy Evolution	Default	Rich Resources	Marathon	Dangerous	Death World	Rail World
Destroy Factor	0.00200000	0.00200000	0.00200000	0.00200000	0.00200000	0.00200000
Enabled	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pollution Factor	0.00001500	0.00001500	0.00001500	0.00002000(+0.000005)	0.00002000(+0.000005)	0.00001500
Time Factor	0.00000400	0.00000400	0.00000400	0.00002000(+0.000016)	0.00002000(+0.000016)	0.00000200(-0.000002)

Pollution	Default	Rich Resources	Marathon	Dangerous	Death World	Rail World
Absorbed per damaged tree	500	500	500	500	500	500
Diffusion Ratio	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%	2%
Dissipation Rate	1	1	1	1	1	1
Enabled	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Minimum Damage to trees	3500	3500	3500	3500	3500	3500

Resource	Default	Rich Resources	Marathon	Dangerous	Death World	Rail World
Coal Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very Low
Coal Richness	Regular	Very Good(Regular)	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular
Coal Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Big(Medium)
Copper Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very Low(Normal)
Copper Richness	Regular	Very Good(Regular)	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular
Copper Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Big(Medium)
Crude Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very Low(Normal)
Crude Richness	Regular	Very Good(Regular)	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular
Crude Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Big(Medium)
Enemy Bases Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very High(Normal)	Very High(Normal)	Very Low(Normal)
Enemy Bases Richness	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular
Enemy Bases Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Small(Medium)
Iron Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very Low(Normal)
Iron Richness	Regular	Very Good(Regular)	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular
Iron Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Big(Medium)
Starting Area	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Stone Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very Low(Normal)
Stone Richness	Regular	Very Good(Regular)	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular
Stone Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Big(Medium)
Uranium Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very Low(Normal)
Uranium Richness	Regular	Very Good(Regular)	Regular	Regular	Regular	Regular
Uranium Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Water Frequency	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Very Low(Normal)
Water Size	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Big(Medium)

Manual config

Settings on the top row

Frequency

This doesn't change how much ore, coal, oil, and other raw resources are created. Instead, it determines the "scattered" vs. "clumped" distribution (chopped into small pieces or pulled into large, separated clumps).

This defines the wavelength of the wave-generators used by the Perlin Noise algorithm above, but not the total size of all the waves. This means that frequency doesn't modify the amount of resources on a tile, instead modifying the area of each deposit and the number of deposits. Additionally, changing frequency doesn't affect the average amount of resources in a limited map, only their distribution.

If resource frequency is increased, each of the deposits is smaller and has less resources in total (because it covers less area) and deposits are very common. If resource frequency is decreased, the deposits are larger but more rare. This also causes enemy bases to appear more often using the same distribution rules as ores - however, this can lead to rapid enemy expansion due to the much higher number of nest clusters.

Size

This defines the size of generated ore patches and water through defining "levels." It increases the average diameter of ore patches and lakes, allowing one to adjust the size of both of these.

It's as simple as it seems- Small size would mean small ore patches and water masses, large means large ore patches and water masses. Note that this is effected by frequency, though it is presumably able to increase the total ore and water of the world where frequency simply re-balances it.

Finally, this causes enemy bases to spawn larger, though bases created through the "natural process" of expansion are going to adhere to different rules.

The following table shows how the frequency and size settings affects the generation of ore patches. For more detail, open the images in a new tab.

Generation of iron patches on different frequency and size settings

Frequency \ Size	Very small	Small	Medium	Big	Very big
Very low
Low
Normal
High
Very high

Richness

This defines the actual content of every ore patch and oil field. Resource field richness increases by distance.

Resources in ore patches on different richness settings

Very poor	Poor	Regular	Rich	Very rich
Resources to mine: 22k	Resources to mine: 32k	Resources to mine: 45k	Resources to mine: 64k	Resources to mine: 90k

The left column

• Water: How water is generated on each map.
• Copper, Stone, Coal, Crude oil: Resources required to progress in the game. See above for more detailed explanations about each of these changes.
• Enemy bases: How many and how large starting bases are. Note that new bases are created over time, making low enemy base counts somewhat less significant.

Starting area

This is a value defining a special area around the central coordinates of the map which will have different ore frequency, etc, from the rest of the map. Generally, this results in at least one confirmed ore source, always results in a water source, and always removes biter nests from spawning for an area around spawn. The settings of this area usually guarantee better starting conditions, although the player may choose to make this area small to increase the challenge of the game.

It is generally a good idea for the player to explore a bit outside this area before they begin to build. While this area will almost always appear very fertile, it's possible that map generation will have made a situation where it is impossible to beat the game, such as missing oil, too many biters to defend, etc.

World generations on different starting area settings

Very small	Small	Medium	Big	Very big

Peaceful mode

The Enemies don't begin fights, only responding if the player hits them. This can be also switched on during the game- look into Console commands.

Map-width and -height

If the player limits the width and/or height they may generate maps with finite resources and area. This is recommended for multiplayer servers running on weaker machines or players seeking extra challenge. Another option is to make the world infinite in only one axis, this is commonly referred to as a ribbon world.

Map seed / Map Exchange String

Definitions and terminology:

Map Seed

Random number generator seed

Map Exchange String

All settings for the map creation (Map Seed, settings for resources, settings for size, etc.)

Map Seed

This is the starting value for the random number generator that Factorio uses for generating the world. Know that 'random number' is really a misnomer in Factorio and on computers in general, as they aren't really random, instead being calculated with complicated algorithms that require a seed as starting value (For more detail, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_seed).

So even with the same map-exchange string but a different seed maps can change dramatically, or appear very similar. It's up to chance. In order to get a true copy of a world, giving the map-exchange string and allowing the string to fill out the seed is important.

Map Exchange String

A string generally looks like so:

>>>AAALABAABgADAwYAAAAEAAAAY29hbAMDAgoAAABjb3BwZXItb3Jl
AwMCCQAAAGNydWRlLW9pbAMDAgoAAABlbmVteS1iYXNlAwMCCAAAAGl
yb24tb3JlAwMCBQAAAHN0b25lAwMCORcrDUQ7AACMCwAAAAAAAAAAAA
ADAFR8w0Q=<<<

It is a string of good length that begins with >>> and ends with <<<. Many facilities exist within the community for sharing exchange strings. The map exchange string can be used in the map-generator: there is an extra field where the player can paste this string into. On windows computers, this may be done by selecting a string, right-clicking or pressing Control + C, then put it into the string field for the world generator with Control + V.

If you wish to retrieve the map-exchange string from your world:

In the Load Game dialog select the game whose string you want, then click the Map Exchange String button in the lower left corner. When the string pops up, highlight it with your mouse and press Control-C to copy it. (Command-C on Mac.) You can now paste it in the map generator to create a copy of that world, or send it to a friend.

For a technical description of the map exchange string, see Map Exchange String Format.

Generation

The map generator (world generator) is based on a modified Perlin noise algorithm. A more detailed description is in the API documentation.

From the article which describes the generation:

Top: Normal settings, Middle: The same, but with higher frequency (note the same curve, but more condensed shape), Down: Same as top, but higher level = increased size.

The blue wavy line is an internal noise function, black line is a "level" that is used to determine resource placement, red lines are actual placed resources. The high frequency refers mainly to the noise function. Increasing the frequency increases count of resource fields and decreases their size and distance between them. This mechanism is used all through the map generation in factorio, with some adjustments. The map generator works tile by tile, so the resources are placed on a tile x if f(x) > 0. The amount of resources on the tile is given by f(x) * richness.

Generating new Chunks

A map is endless by default, though its size can be limited by height and width - see above. Because it is technically endless, the whole map isn't generated from the start. A new Chunk of map is generated only when needed, similar to other procedurally generated world games.

Generating Invisible Chunks (Fog of War)

Outside of the visible chunk area, an invisible area of about 3 chunks wide is generated, as a preloading mechanism, and for biters to be able to see the player. Invisible chunks are also generated if pollution is generated heavily; the game generates (invisible) chunks as it needs to spread the pollution into the area.

Charting (Make Invisible Chunks Visible on Map)

As long as a chunk is invisible, the part of the players map stays black. This changes when a chunk is charted, which means when it is "touched" by radar. Either the players internal radar, which is always available and continually charts chunks around the player, or the Radar entity. When a visible chunk is generated there might be other chunks also invisibly generated.

An invisible chunk is eventually not made visible, even if you are so close, that you are able to see it in the character view (a black fog of war). This is, because of the above rule: a chunk is made visible, if it is touched by radar. Not character visibility. The players radar (or any radar) needs to be in range of that chunk to make it visible.

Exploring

If the player arrives at the current visible borders the needed chunks are generated. As the player explores, a radius of about 3 chunks are continually loaded around them. As this can take a while on lower end machines, it is possible to outrun the world generator and end up in 'limbo' with no entities around the player. Staying still for a while will allow the generator to catch up.

Maximum Map Size and used Memory

The map size is limited to 2,000 x 2,000 kilometers; internally, this is a square 2,000,000 tiles on a side, with an area of 4,000,000,000,000 (4 trillion) square tiles (assuming 1 tile = 1 meter on a side yields 2,000 x 2,000 km = 4 million square km). In real-world terms, this is between the sizes of India and Australia (or about 40% the area of the United States, or over 10 times the area of Germany). It would take around 200 game-minutes (ca 3.3 hours real time) to reach that border from the center when riding a train fueled with rocket or nuclear fuel. This makes the world essentially endless for practical purposes.

Because chunks are only generated in and close around the area revealed by radar, it is possible to reach that border without overloading your computer, as the size of the map in computer memory is dependent only on chunks actually generated. If only a narrow stripe of land is explored to far away, this remains manageable.

The generated chunks are fully mapped and stored in the player's RAM, which is the practical limiting factor of exploration.

History

• 0.15.0:
  • The world generator now has select-able presets.

• 0.13.7:
  • Map size is now limited to 2000 km by 2000 km with a black bar rather than crashing when reaching this distance

• 0.13.0:
  • Map generator algorithm changed, further resource field now have greater richness.

See also

• Some technical info
• Temperature based biome-model (how trees are placed)
• Thread about definition of map map exchange string/seed
• Definition of string and seed